WASHINGTON (REUTERS, BLOOMBERG) - US President Donald Trump on Friday (Oct 2) said he and his wife Melania had tested positive for Covid-19, and the White House said he was given an experimental treatment designed to combat the virus as well as a small array of treatments including aspirin and vitamin D.
Mr Trump, 74, has a slight fever, a source said, and is being taken to Walter Reed military hospital for several days as a precaution.
Mr Trump's gender, age and weight make him more vulnerable to developing severe Covid-19, and give him a notional risk of around 4 per cent of dying from it, health experts said.
WHAT IS THE EXPERIMENTAL TREATMENT TRUMP IS TAKING?
One of the most anticipated classes of experimental Covid-19 drugs is monoclonal antibodies: manufactured copies of human antibodies to the virus. The injected antibodies are designed to begin fighting the virus immediately and are being developed to prevent and treat Covid-19.
The technique is already in wide use for treating a range of illnesses. Data so far is limited for Covid-19 antibodies, but US infectious disease chief Dr Anthony Fauci is among those saying it has promise.
Mr Trump is taking an antibody cocktail being tested by Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc, which has reported improved symptoms in non-hospitalised Covid-19 patients, with no serious side effects in trials.
REMDESIVIR
The president's physician, Sean Conley, said late Friday night that Mr Trump was being treated with Gilead Sciences Inc.'s Remdesivir, which has been shown to help patients recover and allow them to be released more quickly.
"This evening, I am happy to report that the president is doing very well," Dr Conley said in a White House statement.
"He is not requiring any supplemental oxygen, but in consultation with specialists we have elected to initiate Remdesivir therapy. He completed his first dose and is resting comfortably."
The steroid dexamethasone is typically given to patients in intensive care whose immune systems are overly active. Another option is convalescent plasma, which has antibodies from the blood of patients who have recovered.
WHAT ARE THE APPROVED TREATMENTS FOR 'MILD' COVID-19?
"There are no treatments to date that have been really established to be effective in this phase of illness. At this point, it is really symptomatic and supportive care," Dr Jonathan Grein, director of hospital epidemiology at Cedars-Sinai Medical Centre in Los Angeles, who is not involved in treating Mr Trump, said in a telephone interview.
Mr Trump's doctor said the president is taking several medicines, including:
- Vitamin D and mineral zinc, both of which are important to the immune system and taken by some as immune system boosters.
- Heartburn drug famotidine, often sold under the brand name Pepcid. The drug has not been proven to work against Covid-19, but researchers are studying it as a potential treatment.
- Melatonin, often taken as a sleep aid.
- Aspirin, which Mr Trump previously has said he takes daily. Aspirin can help avoid heart attacks and is a fever reducer.
Dr Grein said the president is likely being closely monitored, and would be given extra oxygen or fluids if needed. Supportive care would depend on symptoms: things such as cough syrup or fever-reducing drugs.
HOW ABOUT HYDROXYCHLOROQUINE?
Mr Trump early in the pandemic backed the idea of using anti-malaria drug hydroxychloroquine to treat Covid-19. In May, the president said he was taking the drug to prevent an infection. The FDA briefly allowed use before in June withdrawing an emergency use authorisation, saying it had determined hydroxychloroquine was not effective.
WHAT HAPPENS IF TRUMP'S CONDITION WORSENS?
Mr Trump was moved to hospital in case his condition deteriorates - if, for instance, he developed breathing problems.
"It is not uncommon for patients to have symptoms for several weeks. Some can get worse well into the second week of illness," Dr Grein said.
For patients hospitalised with Covid-19, the FDA has given emergency-use authorisation for two treatments: Veklury, also known as remdesivir, an intravenous antiviral drug sold by Gilead Sciences Inc, which has been shown to shorten hospital stays, and convalescent plasma, which is derived from the blood of people who have survived the disease and carries antibodies that can help a patient fight Covid-19.
Hospitals also commonly use the generic steroid dexamethasone, which was shown in studies to improve survival for patients hospitalised with critical Covid-19 who need extra oxygen.
But the steroid should not used in people with mild illness since it can limit the body's own ability to combat the virus, according to guidelines from the Infectious Disease Society of America.
