WASHINGTON (REUTERS, BLOOMBERG) - United States President Donald Trump on Thursday (Aug 6) unveiled sweeping bans on US transactions with China's ByteDance, owner of video-sharing app TikTok, and Tencent, operator of messenger app WeChat, in a major escalation of tensions with Beijing.

The executive orders, which go into effect in 45 days, come after the Trump administration said this week it was stepping up efforts to purge "untrusted" Chinese apps from US digital networks and called TikTok and WeChat "significant threats".

Mr Trump's move was slammed on Friday (Aug 7) by China which said the US was putting "selfish interests above market principles and international rules" and engaging in "political manipulation and oppression".

"The relevant businesses follow market principles and international rules in conducting business operations in the US," Chinese Foreign Ministry spokesman Wang Wenbin told a daily briefing in Beijing in response to a question about the bans.

"They comply with US laws and regulations, but the US is using national security as an excuse and using state power to oppress non-American businesses," Mr Wang said. "That is just hegemonic practice."

TikTok has come under fire from US lawmakers over national security concerns surrounding data collection as distrust between Washington and Beijing grows.

Reuters on Sunday (Aug 2) reported that Trump has given Microsoft Corp 45 days to complete the purchase of TikTok's U.S. operations.

"We are shocked by the recent Executive Order, which was issued without any due process," TikTok said in a statement on Friday.

"We will pursue all remedies available to us in order to ensure that the rule of law is not discarded and that our company and our users are treated fairly - if not by the Administration, then by the US courts."

The ban on US transactions with Tencent, one of the world's biggest internet companies, portends further fracturing of the global internet and severing of long-standing ties between the tech industries in the United States and China.

"This is the rupture in the digital world between the US and China," said James Lewis, a technology expert with Washington-based think-tank Center for Strategic and International Studies. "Absolutely, China will retaliate."

On Wednesday, US Secretary of State Mike Pompeo expanded a program dubbed "Clean Network" to prevent various Chinese apps and telecoms firms from accessing sensitive information on US citizens and businesses.

Trump's new orders appeared coordinated with Pompeo's announcement, Lewis said.

"We are reviewing the executive order to get a full understanding," a Tencent spokesperson said.

ByteDance declined to comment.

Biggest target

WeChat has been downloaded a relatively small 19 million times in the United States, showed data from Sensor Tower.

In China, however, the app is ubiquitous as a medium for services as varied as games and payment. It is also a common platform to communicate with individuals and businesses outside China.

US social media and messaging services such Facebook's WhatsApp and Messenger are blocked in China, where a "great firewall" prevents citizens from freely accessing the worldwide web, and where online communication is routinely monitored and censored.

US concerns about China's tech industry had until recently focused on telecom equipment vendor Huawei Technologies . As relations soured over a host of economic and human rights issues, it has sanctioned numerous other Chinese tech firms.

Tencent is the biggest target yet. It is Asia's second most-valuable company after Alibaba Group Holding Ltd with a market capitalisation of US$686 billion (S$940 million), and is among the world's largest social media and video game companies.

It opened a California gaming studio this summer and owns minority stakes in numerous gaming and internet firms around the world, including US messaging app operator Snap Inc.

Trump's order sent Asian stock markets lower on Friday, with Tencent shares falling as far as 10.1% before recouping some of its losses in afternoon trade.

The yuan, a barometer of Sino-US relations, posted its steepest drop since the United States expelled China from its Houston consulate a little over two weeks ago.

Sweeping power

Trump issued the orders under the International Emergency Economic Powers Act, a law that grants the administration sweeping power to bar US firms or citizens from trading or conducting financial transactions with sanctioned parties.

Commerce Secretary Wilbur Ross will identify transactions covered after the orders take effect in mid-September.

Tension has been simmering between the two powers for months, with the United States taking issue with China's handling of the novel coronavirus outbreak and moves to curb freedoms in Hong Kong. The increasingly aggressive posture towards China comes as Trump bids for re-election in November.

Trump said this week he would support Microsoft's efforts to buy TikTok's US operations if the US government got a "substantial portion" of the proceeds. He nevertheless said he will ban the popular app on Sept 15, though some Republicans have raised concerns about potential political fallout.

The app may be used for disinformation campaigns that benefit the Chinese Communist Party, and the United States "must take aggressive action against the owners of TikTok to protect our national security," Trump said in one order.

In the other, Trump said WeChat "automatically captures vast swaths of information from its users. This data collection threatens to allow the Chinese Communist Party access to Americans' personal and proprietary information."

The United States is not alone in its concern about Chinese internet apps: WeChat and TikTok were among 59 mostly Chinese apps that India outlawed in June for threatening its"sovereignty and integrity".

The WeChat order would effectively ban the app in the United States by barring "to the extent permitted under applicable law, any transaction that is related to WeChat by any person, or with respect to any property, subject to the jurisdiction of the United States, with Tencent Holdings Ltd."

It was not clear whether the sanction would effect Tencent's other holdings in the country.

Inconvenience

Meanwhile, WeChat users in the United States were quickly evaluating alternatives.

"Banning WeChat is against America's liberal principles,"Jeason Ma, a 33-year-old in Los Angeles who obtained US citizenship in November, told Reuters. "Most of our family and friends are in China. This will cause significant inconvenience to our lives."

Ma has been sharing his account information for WhatsApp and messaging rival Line Corp with friends and family, fearing he could lose access to WeChat.

The order "calls TikTok a national security threat," said Derek Scissors, an expert on Sino-US economic relations at the American Enterprise Institute think-tank. "Either we've missed the threat for three years or it just became one and yet we are waiting 45 days."