PARIS – The talk of Paris Fashion Week (Sept 23 to Oct 3) has been the little brown bug – bedbugs.

The pests have popped up in trains, airports and movie theatres, fanning fears that they may also be lurking in hotels, an echo of New York City’s mid-2000s bedbug panic.

The cities and decades may be different, but the scourge is eternal.

Bedbugs do not just live in beds. These apple seed-size insects can hide out in furniture, waiting for their chance to come out, usually at night, to feed on the blood of humans (and pets’) blood while they sleep.

Their bites, usually painless, often occur in clusters or lines.

Although bedbugs generally pose minimal risks to health, their bites can cause allergic reactions for some, said Dr Bryon Backenson, director of communicable diseases at the New York State Department of Health.

And, of course, they are a source of discomfort and anxiety for pretty much everyone else, he added.

Even if you are not headed to Paris, there are some ways you can prevent bloodsucking stowaways from sneaking home with you, wherever you travel.

When you arrive

Check your hotel room before you settle in, even if the room is spotless.

The warmth, blood and carbon dioxide of humans are far more important to bedbugs than an unsanitary environment, according to the Environmental Protection Agency’s (EPA) bedbug myth website.

But, the website adds, clutter can help them hide.

When you first enter the room, immediately put your luggage in the bathroom, then do your bedbug inspection, advises Dr Jody Gangloff-Kaufmann, a senior extension associate at Cornell University who focuses on pest management and has a doctorate in entomology.

Adult bedbugs are wingless and have six legs and a flat, oval body. The eggs are pearl-white and about the size of a pinhead, the EPA website says.

Thoroughly check the bedding, box spring, bed skirt, side tables and even the alarm clock – anywhere the bugs can hide.

“The first thing you might notice is the faecal stains that they leave behind, which is kind of like magic marker dots in fabric,” Dr Gangloff-Kaufmann said.

Also check the headboard; some can be popped off the wall.

If there is powder behind the headboard, she said, that may be a sign that the room has been treated for bedbugs in the past.

Pack a small LED torch you can use as you do your inspection. It will help illuminate any eggs or shells discarded during moulting.

Finally, check the rest of the furniture and any nooks or crevices – think baseboards, mouldings and floors – around the room.

A sweet, musty smell may also indicate the presence of bedbugs.

Commercial bedbug tests such as the swab-based TruDetx, which promises “reliable detection in just five minutes” may work, but do not have enough scientific studies backing them up, said Dr Gangloff-Kaufmann.

They can also provide a false sense of security, Dr Backenson said.

If you find any evidence of bedbugs, do not stay in the room.

Instead, contact the hotel staff, leave the room with your belongings and request a room in another part of the hotel – not adjacent to the infested one.

During your stay

Minimise the places a bedbug can hide by storing your clothes in sealable plastic bags. Some travellers also take along large, airtight plastic bags for their luggage.

A hard suitcase, Dr Backenson said, may be a safer choice than soft luggage because it has fewer crevices where bedbugs can stow away.

Also, always keep your luggage on a rack, away from the wall, or in the bathtub.

Do not sprinkle diatomaceous earth – a white, silica-rich powder that some travellers have deployed to desiccate bedbugs – in a hotel room, Dr Gangloff-Kaufmann said.

It may contaminate the room and potentially even cause a scare if a hotel worker sees it and does not recognise it.

Blasting your luggage or clothes with a hair dryer or a portable steamer is another popular tip, but it may not work because the temperature may not be high enough for long enough to kill the insects, said Mr James Molluso, vice-president of Northeastern Exterminating in Brooklyn.

Their eggs may take up to 90 minutes at 48 deg C to destroy, the EPA says on a webpage for bedbug control.

Wiping down your suitcase with rubbing alcohol, another popular bedbug-fighting strategy, can help kill the insects if done safely in a well-ventilated area, Mr Molluso said.

But keep in mind that rubbing alcohol is flammable, and it can be dangerous.

After you return home

After your trip, unpack your bags in the bathroom against a light-coloured surface, so you can spot any bugs, the New York City Department of Health advises.

Then shake out the clothing in a bathtub or shower and vacuum out your luggage.

Do not forget to empty the vacuum and dispose of its contents.

Put your clothes in the dryer as soon as possible, the experts advised, and run it at the hottest setting for at least 20 minutes to kill bugs and eggs.

If you think an item has been exposed to bedbugs and it cannot go in the dryer, seal it in an airtight plastic bag and leave it in a warm area for six months – the time it takes for the bugs to die from lack of water, Dr Gangloff-Kaufmann said. NYTIMES