LONDON – In Los Angeles, a man screaming "kill Jews" attempts to break into a family's home. In London, girls in a playground are told they are "stinking Jews" and should stay off the slide. In China, posts likening Jews to parasites, vampires or snakes proliferate on social media, attracting thousands of "likes".

These are examples of incidents of anti-Semitism, which have surged globally since the attack by Hamas gunmen on southern Israel on Oct 7 and subsequent war on the group launched by Israel in the Gaza Strip.

"This is the scariest time to be Jewish since World War II. We have had problems before, but things have never been this bad in my lifetime," said Mr Anthony Adler, 62, speaking outside a synagogue where he had gone to pray in Golders Green, a London neighbourhood with a large Jewish community.

Mr Adler, who runs three Jewish schools, temporarily closed two of them after Oct 7 because of fears of attacks on pupils, and has beefed up security at all three.

"The biggest fear is that there will be a random attack on our community, on our families and our children," he said.

In countries where figures are available from police or civil society groups, including the United States, Britain, France, Germany and South Africa, the pattern is clear: The number of anti-Semitic incidents has gone up since Oct 7 by several hundred per cent compared with the same period in 2022.

In some countries, such as the US and Britain, Islamophobic incidents have also increased since Oct 7.

In the case of anti-Semitic incidents, most consist of verbal abuse, online slurs or threats, graffiti and defacing of Jewish properties, businesses or sites of religious significance.

Physical assaults represent a significant proportion.

The common thread is that anger over the deaths of thousands of Palestinians as a result of Israel's bombardment of Gaza is invoked as justification for verbal or physical aggression towards Jews in general.

It is often accompanied by the use of slurs and tropes rooted in the long history of anti-Semitism.

"Whatever their opinion on the conflict, even if they are extremely critical of the Israeli government's policy, Jew is equal to Israel, equal to killing Palestinian children," said political scientist Nonna Mayer of France's CNCDH, a government human rights monitor.

She was describing what was in the minds of those behind anti-Semitism incidents.

'Any excuse'

The climate of fear is worse for many Jews than in previous rises in anti-Semitism linked to flare-ups of violence in the Middle East.

It is partly because of the intensity of the Gaza conflict and partly because of the trauma of Oct 7.

"The idea that Israel was the ultimate shelter, that idea is totally shattered by what happened on Oct 7," said Ms Mayer.

The most chilling anti-Semitism incident globally was the storming of an airport in Russia's Dagestan region on Sunday by an enraged crowd looking for Jews to harm after a flight arrived from Tel Aviv.

Rabbi Alexander Boroda, president of Russia's Federation of Jewish Communities, said in response that anti-Israeli sentiment had morphed into open aggression towards Russian Jews.

Mr Shneor Segal, the chief Ashkenazi rabbi of Azerbaijan, said the incident showed that "anti-Semites will use any excuse – the current Middle East crisis being just the latest – to terrorise the dwindling numbers of us that still remain" in the Caucasus.

"And where do they think they are chasing these Jews away to? The very country whose existence is such an abomination to them!" he said, referring to Israel.

But without reaching such extremes, a string of incidents all over the world shows the fears and tensions affecting Jewish communities.

In Buenos Aires, pupils at a well-known Jewish school were asked not to wear their usual uniforms to be less easily identifiable, parents said. Other schools cancelled planned camping trips and activities outside their premises.

At Cornell University in upstate New York, security was increased around the Centre for Jewish Living after online threats, including a call for it to be bombed.

In Johannesburg, pro-Palestinian protesters marched to an area with a large Jewish community on Saturday. They tore off pictures of Israeli hostages in Gaza from the perimeter walls of a synagogue where a Shabbat service was being held.

"I feel rage towards the people who are trying to curtail my freedom of religion and my freedom of movement, for the most part based on their anti-Semitism," said Mr Akiva Carr, who was in the synagogue when the incident took place.

Official responses to the surge in anti-Semitism has varied from country to country.

In the US and Western Europe, authorities have mostly been quick to express strong support for Jewish communities, denounce anti-Semitism and in some cases reinforce security at relevant locations.

In Israel, the government said after the Dagestan incident that Israeli citizens should "review the necessity to travel abroad at this time".

It also urged Israelis residing abroad to be vigilant and stay away from demonstrations.

In China, where the government routinely censors words or phrases it considers sensitive on social media, there was no indication that it had taken any steps to curtail a torrent of anti-Semitic vitriol on social media.

A Chinese foreign ministry spokesperson said Chinese law prohibits the use of the internet to propagate extremism, ethnic hatred or discrimination. REUTERS